The Impact of Social Media on Mental Health

How Does Social Media Affect Mental Health Negatively?

A huge part of social media involves interacting with content shared by others, prompting a process of constant comparison.  

This can negatively affect mental health by generating feelings of inadequacy, envy, and low self-esteem. Seeing curated images of seemingly perfect lives can lead to unrealistic standards and expectations, as well as dissatisfaction with one’s own life.   

Depending on the individual, being constantly exposed to these types of content could cause more severe issues such as body dysmorphia, eating disorders, or depression in the long-term. For younger users, the risks increase significantly.  

Excessive social media use has also been linked to anxiety, depression, and loneliness, as it can replace face-to-face interactions and create a sense of social isolation. The concept of ‘FoMO’ (Fear of Missing Out) has also become popular, suggesting a need to be constantly connected in order not to miss out on social events - a particularly harmful trend, potentially exacerbating addiction.   

Cyberbullying and online harassment are also significant social media stressors that can damage self-worth and lead to mental health struggles. Studies suggest that around seven in 10 young people experience cyberbullying.  

The addictive nature of social media platforms has also been highlighted, with these being described as more addictive than cigarettes and alcohol. Around 52% of users aged 22-38 report feeling addicted to social media.  

Activities such as receiving likes or follows can trigger the release dopamine, the neurotransmitter that works as a sort of ‘reward centre’. The issue is, users come to expect this boost, facilitating a negative effect if it’s not provided, which is often likely, due to the fluctuating nature of social media.  

In turn, addiction to social media can disrupt sleep, reduce productivity, and increase stress, all of which can worsen mental health over time. 

The Positive Impacts Of Social Media

There is no doubt that social media can be used to create positive outcomes, with many also praising its perks for mental wellbeing.  

While many take being connected to the extreme, others make powerful social connections on social media, boosting their mental health, especially those who may feel isolated due to geographic distance, health issues, or other barriers.   

Social media is also a way to share experiences and access resources and advice. Though it’s vital to be wary of the sources of information, social media opens up the door to finding like-minded people or communities, helping people feel less alone.  

Social media also provides platforms for self-expression, which can boost confidence. For many, it serves as an outlet for creativity, offering validation and encouragement from peers.   

Additionally, social media can increase awareness about mental health topics, reducing stigma and promoting conversations that encourage people to seek help when it’s needed.  

How Can We Limit The Negative Effects?

Social media is an integral part of life for many, so it’s vital that we learn to use it effectively and safely in order to minimise its negative impact on our health.  

1. Set time or period limits: Limiting daily social media use can prevent issues with addiction. Designating times to disconnect from social media or periodically taking a break can help people recharge mentally, building up resilience.  

2. Limit notifications: One of the downsides of social media is being constantly connected and aware of what other people are doing or experiencing. Turning off non-essential notifications can reduce the urge to check social media frequently, again contributing to a more balanced and less risky approach.  

3. Be mindful of the type of content that might be triggering: If you’re aware of a certain topic or type of content that could trigger negative emotions, unfollowing or muting particular accounts is essential. Regularly check in with yourself on how social media makes you feel and adjust usage if it’s causing stress or negative emotions. It’s also instrumental to remind yourself that social media is not real life, and that comparison with others is likely going to cause negative repercussions.  

4. Don't let social media substitute real-life interactions: Ensuring that the right balance is maintained between in-person and social media interactions is vital, contributing to a healthier mindset and lifestyle.  

5. Enlist the help of a therapist: No matter how hard we may try to minimise the risks, it’s still possible to come into contact with content that triggers negative emotions, or to develop issues as a result. Enlisting the help of a mental help professional can help you cope with the particular feelings you may be experiencing, and develop coping mechanisms. It’s important to remember that therapy isn’t just for those with serious mental health struggles – it's a way to maintain your mental health and increase resilience.